Advantages Of Minimally Invasive Spinal Bone Spur Surgery

By Patrick Foote

In years past, spinal bone spur surgery was limited to a highly invasive operation known as spinal fusion. This procedure is designed to alleviate the pain and other symptoms associated with bone spur-related nerve compression by completely removing the portion of anatomy responsible, then permanently immobilizing the affected vertebral segment. Stabilization is achieved by inserting a bone graft and metal hardware, including screws and plates, to fuse one vertebra to another.

Risks and Potential Side Effects of Spinal Fusion

While spinal fusion, when successful, does alleviate the pain, tingling, numbness, and muscle weakness associated with nerve compression, it also requires a major commitment on the part of the patient. Spinal fusion requires general anesthesia, which means overnight hospitalization is necessary. The surgery also entails the use of a large incision and dissection of soft tissue in order to gain access to the affected vertebral body. The completion of the procedure is only the beginning for the patient, who must undergo physical therapy and a long, arduous recovery.

In addition, spinal fusion comes with several risks and potential side effects. Before consenting to this type of highly invasive spinal bone spur surgery, patients should educate themselves about the potential for the following to occur:

— Allergic reaction to anesthesia

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gs0fGo6rgQ0[/youtube]

— Internal bleeding

— Infection

— Bone graft rejection

— Fusion failure

— Nerve damage

The Advent of Endoscopic Technology

While every type of surgery comes with its own set of risks and potential side effects, relatively recent technological advances have enabled orthopedic surgeons to greatly improve the chance of successful bone spur surgery. Using technology similar to that employed for routine arthroscopic repair of knee and elbow ligaments, surgeons trained in the use of endoscopic techniques are able to target the precise anatomical cause of spinal nerve compression, such as bone spurs. This enables these surgeons to remove only the tissue they absolutely have to and conserve the vast majority of the vertebral body, while also mitigating many of the risks and side effects inherent to highly invasive spinal fusion.

Minimally Invasive, Outpatient Alternative to Fusion

In many cases, the minimally invasive use of an endoscope, coupled with tiny tools and a laser, allow surgeons to perform bone spur surgery on an outpatient basis. Deep IV sedation and local anesthesia is used, rather than general anesthesia. This allows most patients to be released mere hours after their procedure, rather than staying overnight in a hospital. In addition, the use of only a small incision (typically no larger than one inch) and the lack of tissue dissection means a much shorter recovery period is necessary.

Only as a Last Resort

Bone spur surgery of any type is almost always considered a last resort. In about 90 percent of cases, patients find they are able to manage their symptoms using a combination of conservative treatments. This can include pain medication (over the counter or prescription), exercise, stretching, corticosteroid injections, heat/cold applications, and other methods. Unless emergency surgery is required to mitigate dangerous nerve compression, the time to consider surgery is only after all conservative methods have been attempted and failed to provide relief over the course of several weeks or months.

About the Author: Patrick Foote is the Director of eBusiness at Laser Spine Institute, the leader in endoscopic spine surgery. Laser Spine Institute specializes in safe and effective outpatient procedures for the treatment of spinal

bone spurs

and several other spinal conditions.

Source:

isnare.com

Permanent Link:

isnare.com/?aid=1017511&ca=Medicines+and+Remedies

Apple introduces iPhone and Apple TV

Wednesday, January 10, 2007

Apple Inc. today has introduced the much-anticipated iPhone at the Macworld Conference in San Francisco.

The iPhone is claimed to be “a revolutionary mobile phone” as stated on the Apple website. The device appears to be running a mobile version of the Apple operating system Mac OSX. It is approximately the same size as a 5th generation iPod, it has a 3.5-inch LCD touchscreen display that is used to access all features of the phone including number dial, as well as making phone calls. The iPhone plays music, movies, displays pictures and is able to connect to a wireless network.

Apple CEO Steve Jobs unveiled the device by walking onto the stage and taking the iPhone out of his jeans pocket. During his 2 hour speech he stated that “Today Apple is going to reinvent the phone, We are going to make history today”.

Today Apple also released their Media Center device – Apple TV. It will directly compete with Microsoft’s Media Center operating system. Apple has taken a different approach to the media center market; rather than storing content (such as movies, music and photos) on the device, Apple TV connects to a computer (Mac and Windows) over a wirless network connection and plays all content stored on that computer. This makes it substantially easier for users to organize their media content.

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UK general election, 2005

Thursday, May 5, 2005

The United Kingdom General Election
Results:

Labour Conservative Lib Dems
355 197 62
DUP SNP Sinn Féin
7 6 5
Plaid Cymru SDLP UUP
3 3 1
RESPECT IKHH Ind.  
1 1 1  

Wikinews will have coverage of the election results at:

  • Results of 2005 United Kingdom General Election
Background:
Wikipedia, Wikinews’ sibling project, has in-depth background articles on:

The 2005 UK general election was held on Thursday 5th May. The election resulted in a third term for Tony Blair’s Labour Party.

Below are the latest Wikinews stories on the campaigning parties and candidates.

Retrieved from “https://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=UK_general_election,_2005&oldid=2595156”

Why Shops That Offer Stylish Tattoo Designs Are Becoming Popular

byadmin

Don’t be surprised if you notice the family man next door sporting a brand-new tattoo. The colorful body art has gone mainstream, and it is becoming very common for professionals like Da Vinci Tattoo to provide Stylish Tattoo Designs for many segments of the population. Everybody from new fathers to grannies are using the art to express feelings, mark events, show loyalty and more.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCsW4uaVLco[/youtube]

Body Art Showcases IndividualityFor decades, artists had created Stylish Tattoo Designs when clients wanted to make personal statements. Today’s customers frequently have the same thing in mind when they have symbols or photos of the things they love permanently inked onto their bodies. They may create unique designs or work with craftsmen, who bring their visions to life. Clients often use the art to reflect deep feelings about their goals and experiences. In addition, a lot of body art is very beautiful and is worn primarily as a decoration. This is especially true of the many flower and artwork designs.

Tattoos Act as Life MarkersMany clients request tattoos that mark major life milestones. They may choose the dates that they were married, or children were born. Many have photos copied onto their bodies. Some who recover from accidents or near-fatal illnesses mark the happy occasions with a celebratory tattoo. The faithful often wear tattooed crosses or other symbols that mark their commitment to life paths. Many also use body art as memorials to people and pets that they have lost.

Artists Can Provide Other ServicesShops that offer tattoo art may also sell body jewelry. Their staff may include expert piercers who can apply a jewelry wherever clients want to wear it. Tattoo specialists often create and sell wall art as well. They may offer clients custom framable prints in an array unique designs and colors. Their art is done using high-quality pigments and paper. Shops may also offer a range of hoodies, t-shirts, and artistic apparel.

Tattoos are going mainstream as more people see them as a way to make personal statements, commemorate events, or demonstrate loyalty. The public is also becoming more comfortable with tattoo shops because they often provide body jewelry and other art.

Post-probe, problematic peanut paste products pulled

Friday, January 30, 2009

In what the Food and Drug Administration is characterizing as one of the largest recalls in recent history, numerous types of products containing peanuts are being recalled in the United States. The FDA issued a recall on Wednesday on food items with peanut paste and other peanut products made after January 1, 2007 at a Peanut Corp. of America (PCA) center in Blakely, Georgia. The recall affects over 430 products containing peanut paste or peanut butter from the PCA plant.

U.S. federal inspectors stated salmonella was found in 12 instances at the plant. So far the incident has been linked to eight deaths, with over 500 individuals sickened from the tainted products.

U.S. Congressman Henry Waxman (D-CA) has announced he will hold a Congressional hearing February 11 before the House Energy and Commerce Committee to investigate the matter. According to an FDA report, peanut products from the Georgia plant returned to the United States after being exported were prevented from reentering the country in September due to containing “filthy, putrid or decomposed substance, or is otherwise unfit for food,” but the products were not tested by federal inspectors.

According to the FDA, peanut products were shipped from the PCA facility though the company knew they were contaminated. PCA asserted it was unaware products were contaminated before being shipped, and released a statement saying it had “taken extraordinary measures to identify and recall all products that have been identified as presenting a potential risk”. The PCA plant has since been shut down after state and federal inspectors discovered mold, roaches, a leaky roof, and other issues at the facility.

If the FDA discovered that there was an issue with this product inspection, why didn’t they follow up on it?

Multiple members of Congress have made critical statements about the FDA regarding the incident. “The FDA failing to follow up after this incident, does that mean that products that are not good enough for a foreign country are still good enough for the USA?” said Senator Tom Harkin (D-IA), Chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee.

“If the FDA discovered that there was an issue with this product inspection, why didn’t they follow up on it? Why didn’t they take a closer look at this facility?” asked Representative Rosa DeLauro (D-CT). Representative DeLauro called the actions of PCA “reprehensible and criminal”.

Beth Falwell, daughter of PCA’s founder Hugh Parnell, told WSLS-TV, the NBC affiliate in Roanoke, Virginia, in a statement Thursday that her brother Stewart Parnell who currently runs the company would not knowingly harm his customers. She believes the FDA report documenting poor conditions at the PCA facility contains inaccuracies. Stewart Parnell did not respond to repeated attempts by The News & Advance for a comment.

Consumers can find out more information at the website of the FDA, www.fda.gov, which lists the peanut products affected. The FDA list of items containing recalled peanut products is 35 pages long. Individuals can also find out more information about the incident by calling the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, at 1-800-CDC-INFO.

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China overtakes Germany as world’s biggest exporter

Sunday, January 10, 2010

Chinese officials have said that their country’s exports surged last December to edge out Germany as the world’s biggest exporter.

The official Xinhua news agency reported today that figures from the General Administration for Customs showed that exports jumped 17.7% in December from a year earlier. Over the whole of 2009 total Chinese exports reached US$1.2 trillion, above Germany’s forecast $1.17 trillion.

Huang Guohua, a statistics official with the customs administration, said the December exports rebound was an important turning point for China’s export sector. He commented that the jump was an indication that exporters have emerged from their downslide.

“We can say that China’s export enterprises have completely emerged from their all-time low in exports,” he said.

However, although China overtook Germany in exports, China’s total foreign trade — both exports and imports — fell 13.9% last year.

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Armed troops take control of Suva, Fiji

Thursday, November 30, 2006

Armed Fijian soldiers took control of the streets of Suva, Fiji just before dawn

In a show of force, the troops fired a mortar into the harbour and over Nukulau Island, where George Speight, leader of the Fiji Coup of 2000, is currently serving a term of life imprisonment for his role in the overthrow of the constitutional government. Most of the mortar rounds fell into the ocean.

Soldiers, travelling in a convoy of trucks, set up barricades on key roads that led into the central business district of Suva while others patrolled the city.

Major Neumi Leweni, a military spokesman, said that the activity is not a military coup in disguise. “The exercise is in anticipation of any foreign intervention and the [Fiji military] is taking all precautionary measures.” He pointed out to sea where an Australian black hawk helicopter had crashed and where three Australian warships were moored. Australian officials said the ships were there in case Australian citizens needed to be evacuated.

The black hawk helicopter that had crashed was attempting to land on the HMAS Kanimbla, and its passengers were Special Air Service soldiers. Referring to the crash, Major Leweni said: “[It] just confirms that there are other forces out there and that is exactly why we are doing this exercise”.

Talks in New Zealand between Laisenia Qarase, Prime Minister of Fiji, and , military commander Commodore Frank Bainimarama concluded without an agreement. Winston Peters, foreign minister for New Zealand, said the talks were “lengthy, serious and meaningful”, but ultimately unsuccessful. Mr. Qarase said the three hour talks were not long enough to get to any conclusion, “…it was a good start and there is need for further consultations on some of the issues.”

Mr Qarase arrived at Nadi via a Royal New Zealand Air Force plane and then flew on an Air Chatham Islands plan to Suva. He was met by questioning media. Mr Qarase remained quiet. Commodore Bainimarama also said nothing to the awaiting media when he arrived in Fiji on a commercial flight.

Mr Qarase has requested that all regional foreign ministers come to a meeting being held in Sydney, Australia tomorrow that is related to the coup threats.

Countries that are part of the Pacific Forum are able to help other member countries, if the government asks for help.

Ambassadors from the United States of America, Australia and Britain have all met with Fijian military officers to seek insurances that there wasn’t going to be a coup. Major Lewini responded angrily, “[It is] inappropriate for a civilian diplomat to visit a military camp and seek to speak directly to officers,” he said.

“I’m not aware anyone’s threatening foreign intervention. I can assure you New Zealand isn’t,” Helen Clark, Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand, said.

At the same time, Andrew Hughes, police commissioner for Fiji, is currently on leave in Brisbane following threats. Moses Driver will now act as the police commissioner.

The military has said they will “clean up” the government if the armed forces do not get three controversial bills passed and all investigations into senior military officers are dropped.

The military has said that they do not need police permission to conduct such exercises.

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Keeping Your Health In Check With Cat Scan

CAT scan, otherwise known as the Computerized Axial Tomography scan, is among the most common diagnostic procedures in the medical field. It is beneficial in helping health care providers diagnose and detect abnormalities in the human body. This post talks about the basic questions that most people ask about it.

Does it cause pain?

No. The procedure is painless and non-invasive.

When is it often prescribed?

This diagnostic method is prescribed for the following reasons:

  1. To gain cross-sectional views of the human anatomy.
  2. To identify abnormalities in the internal structures.
  3. To aid and assist other procedures like surgery, biopsies, and drains.
  4. To provide baseline data needed for medical diagnosis.
  5. To guide health care providers in the placement of instruments and other things for treatment.

How does it provide doctors with images?

It combines various X-ray images with the aid of the computer to give various cross-sectional views that could not be seen through plain X-ray alone. It may also give three-dimensional images of internal organs and structures.

What does the machine look like?

The machine looks like a large donut-shaped scanner. When a person is inside, the body is scanned at different angles so that various pictures may be produced. Each image taken is referred to as a slice. The slice is recorded on film and is later referred to as a tomogram.

What are the usual parts visualized?

Usually, this diagnostic procedure is done on:

  1. The head for injuries like skull fractures, blood clots, and tumors.
  2. The spine for a viewing of the vertebral column and spinal cord.
  3. Other bones for evaluation of bone density. This is common in osteoporosis clients.
  4. The chest for visualization of cysts, infections, and tumors.
  5. The abdomen to get a clear look at the liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder, aorta, kidneys, uterus, and ovaries.

Is contrast material necessary?

Contrast material or dyes are sometimes used to enhance the scanning. For example, it may be added to the spinal fluid so that a better image of the spine, spinal cord, and the nerves may be seen. The dye is usually administered via the veins.

What are the risks involved?

This is a very low-risk procedure. The most adverse reaction is hypersensitivity to the intravenous contrast material. Clients are often asked if they are allergic to seafood since the dyes are iodine-based. Pregnant women in their first trimester of pregnancy are also not advised to have scans due to the danger of radiation on the fetus.

What preparations are needed?

Food and fluids are restricted several hours before the scanning. Physical exams and history-taking is also done. All metallic objects and certain pieces of clothing should be removed so that the clarity of the diagnostic imaging may be good.

2006 “Stolenwealth” Games to confront Commonwealth Games in Melbourne

Friday, March 3, 2006

The possibility of large-scale protests in the face of the 3,000 journalists covering the Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games, has event organisers and the Government worried.

The group “Black GST” – which represents Indigenous Genocide, Sovereignty and Treaty – are planning demonstrations at prominent Games events unless the Government agrees to a range of demands including an end to Aboriginal genocide, Aboriginal Sovereignty and the signing of a treaty.

The Black GST say they hope the focus of the world’s media will draw attention to the plight of indigenous Australians during the Games. Organisers say supporters are converging from across Australia and from overseas. Organisers say up to 20,000 people may take part in talks, rallies, colourful protests and many cultural festivities designed to pressure the Federal Government on Indigeneous rights issues. They want the Government to provide a temporary campsite for the supporters, saying “organised chaos was better than disorganised chaos.”

The 2006 Stolenwealth Games convergence, described by organisers as the “cultural festival of the 2006 Commonwealth Games,” was virtually opened on March 2nd with the launch of the official “Stolenwealth Games” website. Scoop Independent News and Perth Indymedia reported that the launch was held at Federation Square in Melbourne. The site contents were projected via wireless laptop by the Stolenwealth Games General Manager, and a tour of the website was given on the big screen. He said “overwhelming amusement was the response from the audience.” The group say permanent access points to the website are being set up at public internet facilities across Victoria during the coming weeks.

“Interest in the Stolenwealth Games is building all over the world and this fresh, exciting and contemporary site will draw in people from Stolenwealth Nations around the globe to find out about the latest news and events,” said a Stolenwealth Games spokesperson. “We have been getting many requests from around the world wanting to know about the Stolenwealth Games. We have provided many ways that individuals and organisations can support the campaign by spreading the word.”

The Victorian Traditional Owner Land Justice Group (VTOLJG) which represents the first nation groups of Victoria, has announced its support to boycott the 2006 Commonwealth Games until the Government “recognises Traditional Owner rights.” The group asserts that culture has been misappropriated in preparation for the Games.

Organisers of the campaign say they welcome the formal support from the Traditional Owners. “While some seek to divide and discredit Indigenous Australia, this support is further evidence that the Aboriginal people are united in opposition to the ongoing criminal genocide that is being perpetrated against the Aboriginal people” said Black GST supporter and Aboriginal Elder, Robbie Thorpe.

“We now have endorsement from the VTOLJG and the Aboriginal Tent Embassy for the aims and objectives of the Campaign and we are looking forward to hosting all indigenous and non-indigenous supporters from across Australia in March,” he said. The Black GST group have said “the convergence will be held as a peaceful, family-focussed demonstration against genocide, and for the restoration of sovereignty and the negotiations towards a Treaty.”

But the campaign has received flak in mainstream media, such as Melbourne’s Herald Sun, who wrote: “the proposal to allow BlackGST to set up an Aboriginal tent embassy at a site well away from the Commonwealth Games will be interpreted by some as the State Government caving in to a radical protest group. A major concern for the Government… is to protect the event from disruption… no chances should be taken…”

The Black GST has been planning the convergence for months, calling for Aboriginal people and their supporters to converge on Melbourne. The Melbourne-based Indigenous rights group have called on thousands of people concerned about the plight of indigenous Australians to converge on Melbourne during the Games, which they have dubbed “the Stolenwealth Games”. But the choice of Kings Domain has made conflict almost inevitable, as the area is one of the areas gazetted by the State Government as a “Games management zone”.

Under the Commonwealth Games Arrangements Act, any area gazetted as a management zone is subject to a range of specific laws – including bans on protesting, creating a disturbance and other activities. The protest bans will be in effect at different times and places, and offenders can be arrested. A spokeswoman for the Black GST, which advocates peaceful protest, said the site had been chosen because it was close to where the Queen will stay on March 15. “We figured that she is only in Melbourne for 27 hours or something like that so we thought we would make it easy for her to come next door and see us,” she said. “We are a very open, welcoming group, so she will be welcome to come and join us.”

Kings Domain is the burial site for 38 indigenous forefathers of Victoria. Black GST elder, Targan, said trade union groups have offered to install infrastructure at the site. The group initially worked with the State Government to find a suitable camp site, but the relationship broke down when the Government failed to meet a deadline imposed by the protesters. “While we are disappointed the ministers were not able to meet deadline on our request, we thank them for their constructive approach towards negotiations and the open-door policy exercised,” said Targan.

A spokesman for Games Minister Justin Madden said the Government was still investigating other sites. Victoria Police Games security commander Brendan Bannan said he was not convinced the Black GST represented the views of most indigenous people. “We are dealing with the Aboriginal community and they don’t seem to support it at all … the wider Aboriginal community don’t support disruption to the Games at all,” he said.

The Government was told that Black GST supporters would camp in Fitzroy Gardens and other city parks should it fail to nominate a site. A spokesman for Aboriginal Affairs Minister Gavan Jennings said the Government was taking the issue seriously, but had not been able to finalise a campsite before the deadline.

Under special Games laws, people protesting or causing a disturbance in “Games management zones” can be arrested and fined. While prominent public spaces such as Federation Square, Birrarung Marr, Albert Park and the Alexandra Gardens fall under the legislation, such tough anti-protest laws cannot be enforced in the nearby Fitzroy Gardens.

Games chairman Ron Walker has urged the group to choose another date for its protest march through the city, which is currently planned to coincide with the opening ceremony on March 15. The group believes that an opportunity to gain attention for indigenous issues was lost at the Sydney Olympics and has vowed to make a highly visible presence at the Games.

The Black GST said the Australian Aboriginal Tent Embassy’s sacred flame, burning over many years at the Canberra site will be carried to Melbourne before the Games, and its arrival would mark the opening of the protest camp from where a march will proceed to the MCG before the Opening Ceremony.

Black GST claims supporters from all over Australia, including three busloads from the West Australian Land Council, will gather in Melbourne during the Games for peaceful protests.

Aboriginal Affairs Minister Gavin Jennings had offered Victoria Park to the protesters. Victoria Park, former home of Collingwood Football Club, where one of the strongest statements of Aboriginal pride, when St Kilda star Nicky Winmar in 1993 raised his jumper and pointed to his bare chest after racial taunts from the Collingwood crowd.

Black GST, which has labelled the Games the Stolenwealth Games, said the State Government had failed to find a suitable venue. Black GST may encourage protesters to camp in prominent parks such as Fitzroy Gardens and Treasury Gardens. Graffiti supporting the action has also appeared in central Melbourne.

Melbourne City councillor Fraser Brindley has offered his home to the Black GST organisers. “I offered my home up to people who are organising visitors to come to the Games,” he said. Cr Brindley will be overseas when the Commonwealth Games are held and has offered the free accommodation at his flat at Parkville. He said he agreed with the protesters’ view that treaties needed to be signed with indigenous Australians. “I’m offering it up to the indigenous people who are coming to remind Her Majesty that her Empire took this land from them,” said Cr Brindlley. Nationals leader Peter Ryan said: “This extremist group has no part in the Australian community.” Melbourne councillor Peter Clarke said the actions were embarrassing and that he would try to discourage him. “It’s not in the spirit of the Games,” he said.

Aboriginal elder, Targan, said the possibility of securing Victoria Park was delightfully ironic. “There’s a lot of irony going on,” Targan, 53, a PhD student at Melbourne University, said. “GST stands for Genocide, Sovereignty and Treaty. We want the genocide of our people to stop; we want some sovereignty over traditional land, certainly how it is used, and we want a treaty with the government,” Targan said.

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Battle for Trafalgar Square, London as violence breaks out between demonstrators and riot police

Monday, March 28, 2011

Sunday morning showed Trafalgar Square, London damaged during the night by demonstrators.

Bottles, cans, and placards littered the concrete ground of one of the most iconic landmarks in London. Demonstrators livid at government cuts had sprayed graffiti on the four bronze lions. “No-one rules if no-one obeys,” one message, next to the symbol of anarchy, read. On the steps leading up to the National Gallery lay placards, dropped by demonstrators the night before. Hours earlier the square was an arena for running battles between the anarchist protesters and riot police.

First, they targetted Oxford Street, arguably the most famous shopping row in the city. The protesters, many dressed in black, hurled smoke bombs and paint at Topshop, which they claimed has systematically abused the tax system. In Piccadilly, they ransacked The Ritz, a hotel popularly known for upmarket opulence. As darkness fell over the capital, many went home. But in Trafalgar Square, protesters lit campfires and danced to music, smoking and eating into the night.

But then the police moved in. Clad in riot gear, the situation began to escalate and both they and the demonstrators began to panic. They raised their batons and shouted at the crowd, while the protesters grabbed metal barriers and hurled them over police lines, using them as battering rams. Some protesters yelled in defence, “Don’t hit us!”, while the more determined shouted, “Shame on you! Your job’s next!” The riot officers pushed protesters into the centre of the square, towards Nelson’s Column. The police started forward at least twice swinging their batons in the air, as protesters retaliated by throwing glass bottles and coins towards the police lines. One officer was taken away with blood pouring from under his visor.

“I have never seen such a fast escalation of violence in my life,” one witness to the violence in the square said. “Everything just kicked off, glass everywhere, police hitting people, people being dragged across the floor. I just can’t believe it.” Other protesters on the front line later described the police retaliation as they began to kettle people in. “I find myself in front of the riot line,” one protester wrote, “taking a blow to the head and a kick to the shin; I am dragged to my feet by a girl with blue hair who squeezes my arm and then raises a union flag defiantly at the cops.”

Everything just kicked off, glass everywhere, police hitting people, people being dragged across the floor. I just can’t believe it.

Fireworks exploded overhead and, towards midnight, the number of protesters had diminished. As the kettling began, many of them slipped away into the night. In the early hours of the morning, the levels of violence began to fade. “Vandalism has been committed and officers have come under sustained attack,” the Metropolitan Police said. “We are holding everyone here until the situation calms down and we determine who is responsible.”

As the street cleaners worked through the morning in London, more than 200 protesters, detained throughout the day, remained in custody. Although the organisers of the march were swift to disassociate themselves with the violence, the protesters were defiant. “I’m not moving, I’m not moving,” one young protester, hemmed in by the riot police, said. “I’ve been on every protest, I won’t let this government destroy our future without a fight. I won’t stand back, I’m not moving.”

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